Nowadays, the automobile industry is developing rapidly, but the energy problem is increasingly urgent, and the environmental problems caused by automobiles are also concerned The development of new energy vehicle industry is an effective way to alleviate the energy crisis, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and reduce environmental pollution. At present, new energy vehicles have become an important direction for the reform and development of the automobile industry.
New energy vehicles are different from traditional vehicles in that they use batteries as power to drive vehicles. They are restricted by the weight of power batteries, the range of power batteries, and the high voltage of the automobile energy saving and emission reduction policies. In terms of vehicle design and material application, the lightweight of their vehicle bodies has become the first issue to be considered by vehicle enterprises. Therefore, the new energy vehicles driven by batteries need more weight reduction than traditional vehicles. This also opens up a wider market space for light materials such as aluminum.
In the automotive lightweight materials, the comprehensive cost performance of aluminum alloy materials is higher than that of steel, magnesium, plastic and composite materials. It has great advantages in terms of application technology, operation safety and recycling. The density of aluminum is only 1/3 of that of steel, which has obvious weight reduction and energy saving effects, and can better improve the riding comfort on the premise of ensuring safety. At the same time, aluminum is easier to recycle. The comprehensive cost performance advantage of aluminum determines that it is the best choice for lightweight applications of automobiles.
The application parts of aluminum in new energy vehicle parts mainly include body, wheel hub, chassis, anti-collision beam, power battery, etc. According to the classification of processing forms, automobile aluminum is mainly divided into three forms: die-casting, extrusion and calendering. The consumption of die-casting parts accounts for about 80%, and that of extrusion parts and calendering parts accounts for about 10%. Die castings are mainly used for engines, wheels and other parts. Extrusions are mainly used for cars, luggage racks, door beams, etc., while calenders are mainly used to produce aluminum plates for car bodies.